{"id":27203,"date":"2012-02-24T21:38:37","date_gmt":"2012-02-24T20:38:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/?p=27203"},"modified":"2012-02-25T13:56:05","modified_gmt":"2012-02-25T12:56:05","slug":"nr-42-20121","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/2012\/02\/24\/nr-42-20121\/","title":{"rendered":"Nr 42 2012"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Miss Clerkes “Baedeker” till 1800-talets astronomi:
\n<\/span><\/h3>\n

Allt detta h\u00e4nde!<\/h2>\n
\n

H\u00e4r \u00e4r n\u00e5got f\u00f6r alla kalenderbitare i v\u00e5r vetenskap!<\/p>\n

Eftersom 10 februari var legenden Agnes Mary Clerkes<\/strong> f\u00f6delsedag – hon f\u00f6ddes denna dag 1842 – t\u00e4nkte jag vi f\u00f6r en g\u00e5ngs skull att vi \u00a0 skulle \u00e4gna oss \u00e5t hennes i alla avseende betydande bok\u00a0 A Popular History of Astronomy in the Nineteenth Century – <\/em>en av milstolparna i beskrivningen av f\u00f6rrf\u00f6rra seklets astronomi.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Genuspekterna helt \u00e5 sido .. miss Clerke var en lysande kompilator, sammanst\u00e4llare av fakta,\u00a0 mer s\u00e5 \u00e4n observerande astronom, och hon blev ocks\u00e5 hedersmedem i Royal Astronomical Society f\u00f6r sitt arbete.<\/p>\n

Notabelt \u00e4r att hennes bok numera\u00a0 finns att ta upp och l\u00e4sa p\u00e5 n\u00e4tet<\/a>, F\u00f6rsta upplagan kom1885, den fj\u00e4rde 1902.<\/p>\n

I boken finns bl a nedanst\u00e5ende tabell \u00f6ver viktiga astronomiska h\u00e4ndelser under hela 1800-talet, med utvikningar b\u00e5de fram\u00e5t och bak\u00e5t. Den \u00e4r v\u00e4rd att ta till sig f\u00f6r att se vilka kvantumspr\u00e5ng som togs detta fantastiska sekel, d\u00e5 astronomin blev astrofysik p\u00e5 allvar.<\/p>\n

1900-talet erbj\u00f6d OCKS\u00c5 p\u00e5 revolutionerande uppt\u00e4ckter, men 1800-talets astronomer v\u00e4nde upp och ner, ut och in, p\u00e5 den celesta vetenskiapen.<\/p>\n

Jag f\u00f6ljer Miss Clerkes engelska – bilder har jag lagt in f\u00f6r l\u00e4sv\u00e4nlighetens skull.<\/p>\n

L\u00e4s och njut – och f<ascineras!<\/p>\n

1774<\/strong>, March 4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Herschel’s first observation. Subject, the Orion Nebula.
\n1774\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sun-spots geometrically proved to be depressions by Wilson.
\n1774\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 First experimental determination of the earth’s mean density by Maskelyne.<\/p>\n

1781<\/strong>, March 13\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Discovery of Uranus.
\n1782\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Herschel’s first Catalogue of Double Stars.
\n1783\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Herschel’s first investigation of the sun’s movement in space.
\n1783\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Goodricke’s discovery of Algol’s law of variation.
\n1784\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Analogy between Mars and the Earth pointed out by Herschel.
\n1784\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Construction of the Heavens investigated by Herschel’s method of star-gauging. “Cloven-disc” plan of the Milky Way.
\n1784\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Discovery of binary stars anticipated by Michell.
\n1786\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Herschel’s first Catalogue of Nebul\u00e6.
\n1787, Jan. 11\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Discovery by Herschel of two Uranian moons (Oberon and Titania).
\n1787, Nov. 19\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Acceleration of the moon explained by Laplace.
\n1789\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Herschel’s second Catalogue of Nebul\u00e6, and classification by age of these objects.
\n1789\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Completion of Herschel’s forty-foot reflector.
\n1789, Aug. 28 and Sept. 17\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 His discovery with it of the two inner Saturnian satellites.
\n1789\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Repeating-circle invented by Borda.
\n1789\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Five-foot circle constructed by Ramsden for Piazzi.<\/p>\n

1790<\/strong> Maskelyne’s Catalogue of thirty-six fundamental stars.
\n1791\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Herschel propounds the hypothesis of a fluid constitution for nebul\u00e6.
\n1792\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Atmospheric refraction in Venus announced by Schr\u00f6ter.
\n1794\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Rotation-period of Saturn fixed by Herschel at 10h. 16m.[Pg 446]
\n1795\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Herschel’s theory of the solar constitution.
\n1796\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Herschel’s first measures of comparative stellar brightness
\n1796\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Laplace’s Nebular Hypothesis published in Exposition du Syst\u00e8me du Monde.
\n1797\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Publication of Olbers’s method of computing cometary orbits.
\n1798\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Retrograde motions of Uranian satellites detected by Herschel.
\n1799\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Publication of first two volumes of M\u00e9canique C\u00e9leste.
\n1799, May 7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Transit of Mercury observed by Schr\u00f6ter.
\n1799, Nov. 12\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Star-shower observed by Humboldt at Cumana.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

1800 <\/strong> Monatliche Correspondenz started by Von Zach.
\n1800\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Invisible heat-rays detected in the solar spectrum by Herschel.
\n1801, Jan. 1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Discovery of Ceres by Piazzi.
\n1801\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Publication of Lalande’s Histoire C\u00e9leste.
\n1801\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Investigation by Herschel of solar emissive variability in connection with spot-development.
\n1802, March 28\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Discovery of Pallas by Olbers.
\n1802\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Herschel’s third Catalogue of Nebul\u00e6.
\n1802\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Herschel’s discovery of binary stars.
\n1802\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Marks of clustering in the Milky Way noted by Herschel.
\n1802\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Wollaston records seven dark lines in the solar spectrum.
\n1802, Nov. 9\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Transit of Mercury observed by Herschel.
\n1804, Sept. 2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Transit of Mercury observed by Herschel.
\n1804\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Foundation of Optical Institute at Munich.
\n1805\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Herschel’s second determination of the solar apex.
\n1807, March 29\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Discovery of Vesta by Olbers.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

1811 <\/strong> Herschel’s theory of the development of stars from nebul\u00e6.
\n1811, Feb. 9\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Death of Maskelyne. Pond appointed to succeed him as Astronomer-Royal.
\n1811, Sept. 12\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Perihelion passage of great comet.
\n1814\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Herschel demonstrates the irregular distribution of stars in space.
\n1815\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Fraunhofer maps 324 dark lines in the solar spectrum.
\n1818\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Publication of Bessel’s Fundamenta Astronomi\u00e6.
\n1819\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Recognition by Encke of the first short-period comet.
\n1819, June 26\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Passage of the earth through the tail of a comet.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

1820<\/strong> Foundation of the Royal Astronomical Society.
\n1821\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Foundation of Paramatta Observatory.
\n1821, September\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 First number of Astronomische Nachrichten.
\n1822, May 24\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 First calculated return of Encke’s comet.
\n1822, August 25\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Death of Herschel.[Pg 447]
\n1823\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bessel introduces the correction of observations for personal equation.
\n1823\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Fraunhofer examines the spectra of fixed stars.
\n1824\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Distance of the sun concluded by Encke to be 95-1\/4 million miles.
\n1824\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Publication of Lohrmann’s Lunar Chart.
\n1824\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dorpat refractor mounted equatoreally.
\n1826\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Commencement of Schwabe’s observations of sun-spots.
\n1826, Feb. 27\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Biela’s discovery of a comet.
\n1827\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Orbit of a binary star calculated by Savary.
\n1829\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Completion of the Royal Observatory at the Cape of Good Hope.
\n1829\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The K\u00f6nigsberg heliometer mounted.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

1830\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Publication of Bessel’s Tabul\u00e6 Regiomontan\u00e6.
\n1832\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Discovery by Brewster of “atmospheric lines” in the solar spectrum.
\n1833\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Magnetic observatory established at G\u00f6ttingen.
\n1833, Nov. 12, 13\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Star-shower visible in North America.
\n1833\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Completion of Sir J. Herschel’s survey of the northern heavens.
\n1834, Jan. 16\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sir J. Herschel’s landing at the Cape.
\n1835, September\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Airy appointed Astronomer-Royal in succession to Pond.
\n1835, Nov. 16\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Perihelion passage of Halley’s comet.
\n1837\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Solar movement determined by Argelander.
\n1837\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bessel’s application of the heliometer to measurements of stellar parallax.
\n1837\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Publication of Beer and M\u00e4dler’s Der Mond.
\n1837, Dec. 16\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Outburst of \u03b7 Carin\u00e6 observed by Sir J. Herschel.
\n1837\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Thermal power of the sun measured by Herschel and Pouillet.
\n1838\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Parallax of 61 Cygni determined by Bessel.
\n1839, Jan. 9\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Parallax of \u03b1 Centauri announced by Henderson.
\n1839\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Completion of Pulkowa Observatory.
\n1839\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Solidity of the earth concluded by Hopkins.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

1840, March 2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Death of Olbers.
\n1840\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 First attempt to photograph the moon by J. W. Draper.
\n1842\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Doppler enounces principle of colour-change by motion.
\n1842\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Conclusion of Baily’s experiments in weighing the Earth.
\n1842, July 8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Total solar eclipse. Corona and prominences observed by Airy, Baily, Arago, and Struve.
\n1843, Feb. 27\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Perihelion-passage of great comet.
\n1845, February\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Completion of Parsonstown reflector.
\n1845, April\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Discovery with it of spiral nebul\u00e6.[Pg 448]
\n1845, April 2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Daguerreotype of the sun taken by Foucault and Fizeau.
\n1845, Oct. 21\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Place of Neptune assigned by Adams.
\n1845, Dec. 8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Discovery of Astr\u00e6a by Hencke.
\n1845, Dec. 29\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Duplication of Biela’s comet observed at Yale College.
\n1846\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Melloni’s detection of heating effects from moonlight.
\n1846, March 17\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Death of Bessel.
\n1846, Sept. 23\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Discovery of Neptune by Galle.
\n1846, Oct. 10\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Neptune’s satellite discovered by Lassell.
\n1847\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Publication of Sir J. Herschel’s Results of Observations at the Cape of Good Hope.
\n1847\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cyclonic theory of sun-spots stated by him.
\n1848\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 J. R. Mayer’s meteoric hypothesis of solar conservation.
\n1848\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Motion-displacements of Fraunhofer lines adverted to by Fizeau.
\n1848, April 27\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 New Star in Ophiuchus observed by Hind.
\n1848, Sept. 19\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Simultaneous discovery of Hyperion by Bond and Lassell.
\n1849\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 First experimental determination of the velocity of by Fizeau.
\n1848, April 27\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 New Star in Ophiuchus observed by Hind.
\n1848, Sept. 19\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Simultaneous discovery of Hyperion by Bond and Lassell.
\n1849\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 First experimental determination of the velocity of light (Fizeau).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

1850, July 17\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Vega photographed at Harvard College.
\n1850, Nov. 15\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Discovery by Bond of Saturn’s dusky ring.
\n1851\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 O. Struve’s first measurements of Saturn’s ring-system
\n1851, July 28\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Total solar eclipse observed in Sweden.
\n1851, Oct. 24\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Discovery by Lassell of two inner Uranian satellites.
\n1851\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Schwabe’s discovery of sun-spot periodicity published by Humboldt.
\n1852, May 6\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Coincidence of magnetic and sun-spot periods announced by Sabine.
\n1852, Oct. 11\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Variable nebula in Taurus discovered by Hind.
\n1852\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Lassell’s two-foot reflector transported to Malta.
\n1853\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Adams shows Laplace’s explanation of the moon’s acceleration to be incomplete.
\n1854\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hansen infers from lunar theory a reduced value for the distance of the sun.
\n1854\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Helmholtz’s “gravitation theory” of solar energy.
\n1856\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Piazzi Smyth’s observations on the Peak of Teneriffe.
\n1857\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Saturn’s rings shown by Clerk Maxwell to be of meteoric formation.
\n1857, April 27\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Double-star photography initiated at Harvard College.
\n1858\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Solar photography begun at Kew.
\n1858, Sept. 30\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Perihelion of Donati’s comet.
\n1859\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Spectrum analysis established by Kirchhoff and Bunsen.
\n1859\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Carrington’s discovery of the compound nature of the sun’s rotation.
\n1859, Sept. 1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Luminous solar outburst and magnetic storm.
\n1859, Oct. 19\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Merope nebula discovered by Tempel.[Pg 449]
\n1859, Dec. 15\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Chemical constitution of the sun described by Kirchhoff.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

1860, Feb. 27\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Discovery by Liais of a “double comet.”
\n1860, May 21\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 New star in Scorpio detected by Auwers.
\n1860, July 18\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Total solar eclipse observed in Spain. Prominences shown by photography to be solar appendages.
\n1861, June 30\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The earth involved in the tail of a great comet.
\n1861-1862\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kirchhoff’s map of the solar spectrum.
\n1862\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Solar hydrogen-absorption recognised by \u00c5ngstr\u00f6m.
\n1862, Jan. 31\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Discovery by Alvan G. Clark of the companion of Sirius.
\n1862\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Foucault determines the sun’s distance by the velocity of light.
\n1862\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Opposition of Mars. Determination of solar parallax.
\n1862\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Completion of Bonner Durchmusterung.
\n1863\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Secchi’s classification of stellar spectra.
\n1863\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Foundation of the German Astronomical Society.
\n1864, March 5\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Rotation period of Mars determined by Kaiser.
\n1864\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Huggins’s first results in stellar spectrum analysis.
\n1864, Aug. 5\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Spectroscopic examination of Tempel’s comet by Donati shows it to be composed of glowing gas.
\n1864, Aug. 29\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Discovery by Huggins of gaseous nebul\u00e6.
\n1864\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Value of 91,000,000 miles adopted for the sun’s distance.
\n1864\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Croll’s explanation of glacial epochs.
\n1864, Nov. 23\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Death of Struve.
\n1865, Jan. 4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Spectroscopic observation by Huggins of the occultation of \u03b5 Piscium.
\n1865, Jan. 16\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Faye’s theory of the solar constitution.
\n1865\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kew results published.
\n1865\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Z\u00f6llner argues for a high temperature in the great planets.
\n1866\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Identity of the orbits of the August meteors and of comet 1862 iii. demonstrated by Schiaparelli.
\n1866\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Delaunay explains lunar acceleration by a lengthening of the day through tidal friction.
\n1866, March 4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Spectroscopic study of the sun’s surface by Lockyer.
\n1866, March 12\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 New star in Corona Borealis detected by Birmingham.
\n1866, October\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Schmidt announces the disappearance of the lunar crater Linn\u00e9.
\n1866, Nov. 13\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Meteoric shower visible in Europe.
\n1867\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Period of November meteors determined by Adams.
\n1867, Aug. 29\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Total solar eclipse. Minimum sun-spot type of corona observed by Grosch at Santiago.
\n1867\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Discovery of gaseous stars in Cygnus by Wolf and Rayet.
\n1868, February\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Principle of daylight spectroscopic visibility of prominences started by Huggins.[Pg 450]
\n1868, Aug. 18\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Great Indian eclipse. Spectrum of prominences observed.
\n1868, Aug. 19\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Janssen’s first daylight view of a prominence.
\n1868, Oct. 26\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Lockyer and Janssen independently announce their discovery of the spectroscopic method.
\n1868\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Doppler’s principle applied by Huggins to measure stellar radial movements.
\n1868\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Publication of \u00c5ngstr\u00f6m’s map of the normal solar spectrum.
\n1868\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Spectrum of Winnecke’s comet found by Huggins to agree with that of olefiant gas.
\n1869, Feb. 11\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tenuity of chromospheric gases inferred by Lockyer and Frankland.
\n1869, Feb. 13\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Huggins observes a prominence with an “open slit.”
\n1869, Aug. 7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 American eclipse. Detection of bright-line coronal spectrum.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

1870\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mounting of Newall’s 25-inch achromatic at Gateshead.
\n1870\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Proctor indicates the prevalence of drifting movements among the stars.
\n1870\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A solar prominence photographed by Young.
\n1870, Dec. 22\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sicilian eclipse. Young discovers reversing layer.
\n1871, May 11\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Death of Sir J. Herschel.
\n1871, June 9\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Line-displacements due to solar rotation detected by Vogel.
\n1871, Dec. 12\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Total eclipse visible in India. Janssen observes reflected Fraunhofer lines in spectrum of corona.
\n1872\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Conclusion of a three years’ series of observations on lunar heat by Lord Rosse.
\n1872\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Spectrum of Vega photographed by H. Draper.
\n1872\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Faye’s cyclonic hypothesis of sun-spots.
\n1872\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Young’s solar-spectroscopic observations at Mount Sherman.
\n1872\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cornu’s experiments on the velocity of light.
\n1872, Nov. 27\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Meteoric shower connected with Biela’s comet.
\n1873\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Determination of mean density of the earth by Cornu and Baille.
\n1873\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Solar photographic work begun at Greenwich.
\n1873\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Erection of 26-inch Washington refractor.
\n1874\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Light-equation redetermined by Glasenapp.
\n1874\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Vogel’s classification of stellar spectra.
\n1874, Dec. 8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Transit of Venus.
\n1876\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Publication of Neison’s The Moon.
\n1876, Nov. 24\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 New star in Cygnus discovered by Schmidt.
\n1876\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Spectrum of Vega photographed by Huggins. First use of dry gelatine plates in celestial photography.
\n1877, May 19\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Klein observes a supposed new lunar crater (Hyginus N.).
\n1877\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Measurement by Vogel of selective absorption in solar atmosphere.[Pg 451]
\n1877, Aug. 16-17\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Discovery of two satellites of Mars by Hall at Washington.
\n1877, Sept. 23\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Death of Leverrier.
\n1877\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Canals of Mars discovered by Schiaparelli.
\n1877\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Opposition of Mars observed by Gill at Ascension. Solar parallax deduced = 8\u00b778\u2032.
\n1878, January\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Stationary meteor-radiants described by Denning.
\n1878\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Publication of Schmidt’s Charte der Gebirge des Mondes.
\n1878\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 First observations of Great Red Spot on Jupiter.
\n1878\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Conclusion of Newcomb’s researches on the lunar theory.
\n1878, May 6\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Transit of Mercury.
\n1878\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Foundation of Selenographical Society.
\n1878, July 29\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Total eclipse visible in America. Vast equatoreal extension of the corona.
\n1878, October\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Completion of Potsdam Astrophysical Observatory.
\n1878, Dec. 12\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Lockyer’s theory of celestial dissociation communicated to the Royal Society.
\n1879\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Michelson’s experiments on the velocity of light.
\n1879\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Publication of Gould’s Uranometria Argentina.
\n1879, November\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Observations of the spectra of sun-spots begun at South Kensington.
\n1879, Dec. 5\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Abney’s map of the infra-red solar spectrum presented to the Royal Society.
\n1879, Dec. 18\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ultra-violet spectra of white stars described by Huggins.
\n1879, Dec. 18\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Communication of G. H. Darwin’s researches into the early history of the moon.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

1880, Jan. 31\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Discovery at Cordoba of a great southern comet.
\n1880\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Conditions of Algol’s eclipses determined by Pickering.
\n1880\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pickering computes mass-brightness of binary stars.
\n1880, Sept. 30\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Draper’s photograph of the Orion nebula.
\n1880\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The bolometer invented by Langley.
\n1881, Jan. 20\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Communication of G. H. Darwin’s researches into the effects of tidal friction on the evolution of the solar system.
\n1881\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Langley’s observations of atmospheric absorption on Mount Whitney.
\n1881, June 16\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Perihelion of Tebbutt’s comet.
\n1881, June 24\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Its spectrum photographed by Huggins.
\n1881, June\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Photographs of Tebbutt’s comet by Janssen and Draper.
\n1881, Aug. 15\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Retirement of Sir George Airy. Succeeded by Christie.
\n1881, Aug. 22\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Perihelion of Schaeberle’s comet.
\n1881\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Publication of Stone’s Cape Catalogue for 1880.
\n1881\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Struve’s second measures of Saturn’s ring-system.[Pg 452]
\n1882\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Newcomb’s determination of the velocity of light. Resulting solar parallax = 8\u00b779\u2032.
\n1882\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Correction by Nyr\u00e9n of Struve’s constant of aberration.
\n1882, March 7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Spectrum of Orion nebula photographed by Huggins.
\n1882, May 17\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Total solar eclipse observed at Sohag in Egypt.
\n1882, May 27\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sodium-rays observed at Dunecht in spectrum of Comet Wells.
\n1882, June 10\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Perihelion of Comet Wells.
\n1882, Sept. 17\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Perihelion of Great Comet. Daylight detection by Common. Transit observed at the Cape.
\n1882, Sept. 18\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Iron lines identified in spectrum by Copeland and J. G. Lohse.
\n1882, September\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Photographs of comet taken at the Cape Observatory, showing a background crowded with stars.
\n1882, Dec. 6\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Transit of Venus.
\n1882\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Duplication of Martian canals observed by Schiaparelli.
\n1882\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Completion by Loewy at Paris of first equatoreal Coud\u00e9.
\n1882\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Rigidity of the earth concluded from tidal observations by G. H. Darwin.
\n1882\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Experiments by Huggins on photographing the corona without an eclipse.
\n1882\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Publication of Holden’s Monograph of the Orion Nebula.
\n1883, Jan. 30\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Orion Nebula photographed by Common.
\n1883, May 6\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Caroline Island eclipse.
\n1883, June 1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Great comet of 1882 observed from Cordoba at a distance from the earth of 470 million miles.
\n1883\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Parallaxes of nine southern stars measured by Gill and Elkin.
\n1883\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Catalogue of the spectra of 4,051 stars by Vogel.
\n1884, Jan. 25\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Return to perihelion of Pons’s comet.
\n1884\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Photometric Catalogue by Pickering of 4,260 stars.
\n1884\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Publication of Gore’s Catalogue of Variable Stars.
\n1884\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Publication of Faye’s Origine du Monde.
\n1884, Oct. 4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Eclipse of the moon. Heat-phases measured by Boeddicker at Parsonstown.
\n1884\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dun\u00e9r’s Catalogue of Stars with Banded Spectra.
\n1884\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Backlund’s researches into the movements of Encke’s comet.<\/p>\n

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1885, February\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Langley measures the lunar heat-spectrum.
\n1885\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Publication of Uranometria Nova Oxoniensis.
\n1885, Aug. 17\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 New star in Andromeda nebula discerned by Gully.
\n1885, Sept. 5\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Thollon’s drawing of the solar spectrum presented to the Paris Academy.
\n1885, Sept. 9\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Solar eclipse visible in New Zealand.[Pg 453]
\n1885, Nov. 16\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Photographic discovery by Paul and Prosper Henry of a nebula in the Pleiades.
\n1885, Nov. 27\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Shower of Biela meteors.
\n1885\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Thirty-inch achromatic mounted at Pulkowa.
\n1885\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Publication of Rowland’s photographic map of the normal solar spectrum.
\n1885\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bakhuyzen’s determination of the rotation period of Mars.
\n1885\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Stellar photographs by Paul and Prosper Henry.
\n1886, Jan. 26\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Spectra of forty Pleiades simultaneously photographed at Harvard College.
\n1886, Feb. 5\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 First visual observation of the Maia nebula with Pulkowa 30-inch refractor.
\n1886, March\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Photographs by the Henrys of the Pleiades, showing 2,326 stars with nebul\u00e6 intermixed.
\n1886, May\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Photographic investigations of stellar parallax undertaken by Pritchard.
\n1886, May 6\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Periodical changes in spectra of sun-spots announced by Pritchard.
\n1886, June 4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 An international Photographic Congress proposed by Gill.
\n1886, Aug. 29\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Total eclipse of the sun observed at Grenada.
\n1886, Oct. 1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Roberts’s photograph showing annular structure of the Andromeda nebula.
\n1886, Dec. 8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Roberts’s photograph of the Pleiades nebulosities.
\n1886\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Solar heat-spectrum extended by Langley to below five microns.
\n1886, Dec. 28\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Detection by Copeland of helium-ray in spectrum of the Orion nebula.
\n1886\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Thirty-inch refractor mounted at Nice.
\n1886\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Publication of Argentine General Catalogue.
\n1886\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Completion of Auwers’s reduction of Bradley’s observations.
\n1886\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Draper Memorial photographic work begun at Harvard College.
\n1886\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Photographic detection at Harvard College of bright hydrogen lines in spectra of variables (Mira Ceti and U Orionis).
\n1887, Jan. 18\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Discovery by Thome at Cordoba of a great comet belonging to the same group as the comet of 1882.
\n1887\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Publication of Lockyer’s Chemistry of the Sun.
\n1887, April 16\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Meeting at Paris of the International Astrophotographic Congress.
\n1887\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Heliometric triangulation of the Pleiades by Elkin.
\n1887\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 L. Struve’s investigation of the sun’s motion, and redetermination of the constant of precession.
\n1887\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Von Konkoly’s extension to 15\u00b0 S. Dec. of Vogel’s spectroscopic Catalogue.
\n1887\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Auwers’s investigation of the solar diameter.
\n1887\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Publication of Schiaparelli’s Measures of Double Stars (1875-85).[Pg 454]
\n1887, April 8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Death of Thollon at Nice.
\n1887, Aug. 19\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Total eclipse of the sun. Shadow-path crossed Russia. Observations marred by bad weather.
\n1887, November\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Langley’s researches on the temperature of the moon.
\n1887, Nov. 17\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Lockyer’s Researches on Meteorites communicated to the Royal Society.
\n1887\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Completion of 36-inch Lick refractor.
\n1888\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 K\u00fcstner’s detection of variations in the latitude of Berlin brought before the International Geodetic Association.
\n1888\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Chandler’s first Catalogue of Variable Stars.
\n1888\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mean parallax of northern first magnitude stars determined by Elkin.
\n1888\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Publication of Dreyer’s New General Catalogue of 7,844 nebul\u00e6.
\n1888\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Vogel’s first spectrographic determinations of stellar radial motion.
\n1888\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Carbon absorption recognised in solar spectrum by Trowbridge and Hutchins.
\n1888, Jan. 28\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Total eclipse of the moon. Heat-phases measured at Parsonstown.
\n1888, Feb. 5\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Remarkable photograph of the Orion nebula spectrum taken at Tulse Hill.
\n1888, June 1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Activity of the Lick Observatory begun.
\n1888\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Completion of Dr. Common’s 5-foot reflector.
\n1888\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Heliometric measures of Iris for solar parallax at the Cape, Newhaven (U.S.A.), and Leipsic.
\n1888\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Loewy describes a comparative method of determining constant of aberration.
\n1888\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Presentation of the Dunecht instrumental outfit to the nation by Lord Crawford. Copeland succeeds Piazzi Smyth as Astronomer-Royal for Scotland.
\n1888, Sept. 12\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Death of R. A. Proctor.
\n1889\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Photograph of the Orion nebula taken by W. H. Pickering, showing it to be the nucleus of a vast spiral.
\n1889\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Discovery at a Harvard College of the first-known spectroscopic doubles, \u03b6 Urs\u00e6 Majoris and \u03b2 Aurig\u00e6.
\n1889\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Eclipses of Algol demonstrated spectrographically by Vogel.
\n1889\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Completion of photographic work for the Southern Durchmusterung.
\n1889\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Boeddicker’s drawing of the Milky Way.
\n1889\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Draper Memorial photographs of southern star-spectra taken in Peru.
\n1889\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pernter’s experiments on scintillation from the Sonnblick.[Pg 455]
\n1889\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 H. Struve’s researches on Saturn’s satellites.
\n1889\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Harkness’s investigation of the masses of Mercury, Venus, and the Earth.
\n1889\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Heliometric measures of Victoria and Sappho at the Cape.
\n1889, Jan. 1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Total solar eclipse visible in California.
\n1889, Feb. 7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Foundation of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific.
\n1889, March\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Investigation by Sir William and Lady Huggins of the spectrum of the Orion nebula.
\n1889, July-Aug.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 First photographs of the Milky Way taken by Barnard.
\n1889, August 2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Observation by Barnard of four companions to Brooks’s comet.
\n1889, Nov. 1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Passage of Japetus behind Saturn’s dusky ring observed by Barnard.
\n1889, December\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Schiaparelli announces synchronous rotation and revolution of Mercury.
\n1889, Dec. 22\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Total eclipse of the sun visible in Guiana. Death of Father Perry, December 27.
\n1889\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Spectrum of Uranus investigated visually by Keeler, photographically by Huggins.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

1890\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Long-exposure photographs of ring-nebula in Lyra.
\n1890\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Determinations of the solar translation by L. Boss and O. Stumpe.
\n1890\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Schiaparelli finds for Venus an identical period of rotation and revolution.
\n1890\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Publication of Thollon’s map of the solar spectrum.
\n1890\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bigelow’s mathematical theory of coronal structures.
\n1890\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Foundation of the British Astronomical Association.
\n1890\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Measurements by Keeler at Lick of nebular radial movements.
\n1890\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Janssen’s ascent of Mont Blanc, by which he ascertained the purely terrestrial origin of the oxygen-absorption in the solar spectrum.
\n1890\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Newcomb’s discussion of the transits of Venus of 1761 and 1769.
\n1890\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Spiral structure of Magellanic Clouds displayed in photographs taken by H. C. Russell of Sydney.
\n1890\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Publication of the Draper Catalogue of Stellar Spectra.
\n1890, April 24\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Spica announced by Vogel to be a spectroscopic binary.
\n1890, June\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gore’s Catalogue of computed Binaries.
\n1890, November\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Study by Sir William and Lady Huggins of the spectra of Wolf and Rayet’s stars in Cygnus.
\n1890, November\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Discovery by Barnard of a close nebulous companion to Merope in the Pleiades.
\n1890, November\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0McClean Spectrographs of the High and Low Sun.
\n1891\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Capture-theory of comets developed by Callandreau, Tisserand, and Newton.
\n1891\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dun\u00e9r’s spectroscopic researches on the sun’s rotation.[Pg 456]
\n1891\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Preponderance of Sirian stars in the Milky Way concluded by Pickering, Gill, and Kapteyn.
\n1891\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Detection by Mrs. Fleming of spectral variations corresponding to light-changes in \u03b2 Lyr\u00e6.
\n1891\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Establishment of the Harvard College Station at Arequipa in Peru (height 8,000 feet).
\n1891\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Variations of latitude investigated by Chandler.
\n1891\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Prominence-photography set on foot by Hale at Chicago and Deslandres at Paris.
\n1891\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Schmidt’s Theory of Refraction in the Sun.
\n1891, April\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Meeting at Paris of the Permanent Committee for the Photographic Charting of the Heavens.
\n1891, May 9\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Transit of Mercury.
\n1891, Aug. 19\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Presidential Address by Huggins at the Cardiff Meeting of the British Association.
\n1891, Dec. 10\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nova Aurig\u00e6 photographed at Harvard College.
\n1891, Dec. 20\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Photographic maximum of Nova Aurig\u00e6.
\n1891, Dec. 22\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 First photographic discovery of a minor planet by Max Wolf at Heidelberg.
\n1892\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Commencement of international photographic charting work.
\n1892\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Photographic determination by Scheiner of 833 stars in the Hercules Cluster (M 13).
\n1892\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Publication of Vogel’s spectrographic determinations for fifty-one stars.
\n1892\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Publication of Pritchard’s photographic parallaxes.
\n1892, Jan. 2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Death of Sir George Airy.
\n1892, Jan. 21\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Death of Professor Adams.
\n1892, Feb. 1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Announcement by Anderson of the outburst of a new star in Auriga.
\n1892, Feb. 5\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Appearance of the largest sun-spot ever photographed at Greenwich.
\n1892, March\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Photograph of Argo nebula taken by Gill in twelve hours.
\n1892, March 6\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Discovery of a bright comet by Swift.
\n1892, June 29\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Death of Admiral Mouchez. Succeeded by Tisserand as director of the National Observatory, Paris.
\n1892, Aug. 4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Favourable Opposition of Mars.
\n1892, Aug. 17\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Rediscovery at Lick of Nova Aurig\u00e6.
\n1892, Sept. 9\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Discovery by Barnard of Jupiter’s inner satellite.
\n1892, Oct. 12\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 First photographic discovery of a comet by Barnard.
\n1892, Nov. 6\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Discovery of Holmes’s comet.
\n1892, Nov. 23\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Shower of Andromede meteors visible in America.
\n1892\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Poynting’s Determination of the Earth’s Mean Density.
\n1892\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dun\u00e9r’s Investigation of the System of \u03a5 Cygni.
\n1892\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Photographic investigation by Deslandres of the spectra of prominences.
\n1892\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Photographs of the sun with facul\u00e6 and chromospheric surroundings taken by Hale with a single exposure.
\n1892\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Investigation by T. J. J. See of the ancient colour of Sirius.[Pg 457]
\n1892\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Publication of T. J. J. See’s Thesis on the Evolution of Binary Systems.
\n1892\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Chandler’s theory of Algol’s inequalities.
\n1892\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nebula in Cygnus photographically discovered by Max Wolf.
\n1893, Jan. 28\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kapteyn’s investigation of the structure of the universe.
\n1893, March 10\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gill announces his results from the Opposition of Victoria, among them a solar parallax = 8\u00b7809\u2032.
\n1893, April 16\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Total solar eclipse observed in South America and West Africa.
\n1893\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Publication of Kruger’s Catalog der Farbigen Sterne.
\n1893\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Conclusion of Boys’s series of Experiments on the Density of the Earth.
\n1893\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Publication of Cordoba Durchmusterung, vol. i.
\n1893\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Fabry shows comets to be dependents of the Solar System.
\n1893\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Publication of Easton’s Voie Lact\u00e9e.
\n1893\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Campbell detects bright H\u03b1 in \u03b3 Arg\u00fbs and Alcyone.
\n1893\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nova Norm\u00e6 photographed July 10; discovered on plates, October 26.
\n1893, May 28\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Death of Professor Pritchard.
\n1893, July 27\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Installation of 28-inch refractor at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich.
\n1893, December\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Exterior nebulosities of Pleiades photographed by Barnard.
\n1893, Dec. 6\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Death of Rudolf Wolf.
\n1894, January\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sun-spot maximum.
\n1894\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Publication of Potsdam Photometric Durchmusterung, part i.
\n1894\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Publication of Roberts’s Celestial Photographs, vol. i.
\n1894\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Wilson and Gray’s determination of the sun’s temperature.
\n1894\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Barnard’s micrometric measures of asteroids.
\n1894\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 McClean’s gift of an astrophysical outfit to the Cape Observatory.
\n1894\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Establishment of the Lowell Observatory at Flagstaff, Arizona.
\n1894\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Taylor’s triple achromatic objective described.
\n1894, April 3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Discovery of Gale’s Comet.
\n1894\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sampson’s investigation of the sun’s rotation.
\n1894, Oct. 20\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Favourable opposition of Mars.
\n1894, Nov. 11\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Transit of Mercury.
\n1894, December\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Howlett impugns the Wilsonian theory of sun-spots.
\n1894, Dec. 14\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Death of A. Cowper Ranyard.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
\n1895\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Publication of Newcomb’s Astronomical Constants.1895\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bailey’s Photometric Catalogue of 7,922 Southern Stars.
\n1895\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bailey’s photographic discovery of variable star clusters.
\n1895\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Publication of E. W. Brown’s Lunar Theory.
\n1895\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tisserand’s theory of the inequalities of Algol.
\n1895\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Stratonoff’s determination of the sun’s rotation from photographs of facul\u00e6.
\n1895\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Binary character of \u03b7 Aquil\u00e6 spectroscopically recognised by B\u00e9lopolsky.
\n1895\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Presentation of the Crossley reflector to the Lick Observatory.
\n1895, March 23\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Great nebula in Ophiuchus discovered photographically by Barnard.
\n1895, March 25\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ramsay’s capture of Helium.
\n1895, April\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Constitution of Saturn’s rings spectrographically demonstrated by Keeler.
\n1895\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Binary character of \u03b4 Cephei spectroscopically detected by B\u00e9lopolsky.
\n1895, June 11\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Death of Daniel Kirkwood.
\n1895, July 7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Death of F. W. G. Sp\u00f6rer.
\n1895, October\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nova Carin\u00e6 spectrographically discovered by Mrs. Fleming.
\n1895, Dec. 12\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nova Centauri spectrographically discovered by Mrs. Fleming.
\n1895, Dec. 28\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Death of John Russell Hind.
\n1896\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gill’s Report on the Geodetic Survey of South Africa.
\n1896\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Appearance of Loewy’s Photographic Atlas of the Moon, part i.
\n1896, January\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Fessenden’s electrostatic theory of comets.
\n1896\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Chandler’s Third Catalogue of Variable Stars.
\n1896\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Publication of Lick Observatory Photographic Atlas of the Moon, part i.
\n1896, February\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Effects of pressure on wave-length described by Humphreys and Mohler.
\n1896, April 5\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Opening of new Scottish Royal Observatory on Blackford Hill, Edinburgh.
\n1896, April\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pickering’s photometric determinations of light curves of variable stars.
\n1896\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 One of the stars of Castor spectroscopically resolved into two by B\u00e9lopolsky.
\n1896, May\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Third Astrographic Chart Conference at Paris.
\n1896, Aug. 9\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Total eclipse of the sun visible in Novaya Zemlya. Reversing layer photographed by Shackleton.
\n1896, Aug. 30\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Death of Hubert A. Newton.
\n1896, Sept. 18\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Death of Hippolyte Fizeau.
\n1896, Oct. 20\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Death of F. Tisserand. Succeeded by Maurice Loewy.
\n1896, Nov. 13\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Detection by Schaeberle of Procyon’s missing satellite.
\n1896, Nov. 26\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Death of Benjamin Apthorp Gould.[Pg 459]
\n1896, November\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Second series of hydrogen-lines discovered by Pickering in stellar spectra.
\n1896, December\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Zeeman’s discovery of spectral modifications through magnetic influence.
\n1896, December\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Oxygen-absorption identified in the sun by Runge and Paschen.
\n1896\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Study of lunar formations by Loewy and Puiseux.
\n1896\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mounting of the Mills spectrograph at the Lick Observatory.
\n1897\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Installation at Greenwich of the Thompson 26-inch photographic refractor.
\n1897\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Publication of Miss Maury’s Discussion of the Photographed Spectra of 681 Stars.
\n1897\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Callandreau’s researches on cometary disaggregation.
\n1897\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Braun’s determination of the earth’s mean density.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
\n1897\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tenuity of calcium vapour in chromosphere demonstrated spectroscopically by Sir William and Lady Huggins.
\n1897\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Completion at the Cape Observatory of McClean’s spectrographic survey of the heavens.
\n1897\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Twenty-one Wolf-Rayet stars found by Mrs. Fleming in Magellanic Cloud.
\n1897\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Percival Lowell’s New Observations on the Planet Mercury presented to the American Academy.
\n1897, April 8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 McClean recognises oxygen-absorption in helium stars.
\n1897, May 9\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Death of E. J. Stone, Radcliffe Observer.
\n1897, June 10\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Death of Alvan G. Clark.
\n1897, June 18\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Spectrum of a meteor photographed at Arequipa.
\n1897, Oct. 21\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Inauguration of the Yerkes Observatory.
\n1897\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Rabourdin’s photographs of nebul\u00e6 with the Meudon reflector.
\n1897\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dr. See’s discoveries of Southern double stars with the Lowell 24-inch refractor.
\n1898, Jan. 22\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Total eclipse of the sun visible in India.
\n1898, February\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Binary character of \u03b6 Geminorum ascertained spectroscopically by B\u00e9lopolsky.
\n1898\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Star with proper motion of nearly 9\u2032 discovered by Innes and Kapteyn from the Cape Durchmusterung plates.
\n1898, March 8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nova Sagittarii photographed on Draper Memorial plates.
\n1898, June 20\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Opening of Grand-ducal Observatory at K\u00f6nigsstuhl, Heidelberg.
\n1898\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Keeler succeeds Holden as Director of the Lick Observatory.
\n1898\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bruno Peter’s results in stellar parallax.
\n1898\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Lewis Swift’s discoveries of nebul\u00e6 at Echo California.
\n1898\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hale’s photographic investigation of carbon stars.[Pg 460]
\n1898, Aug. 14\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Discovery of Eros by Witt.
\n1898\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Flint’s investigations of stellar parallax by meridian differences.
\n1898\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Easton’s spiral theory of the Milky Way.
\n1898\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Seeliger’s research on star distribution.
\n1898, October\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Multiple hydrogen-bands observed by Campbell in Mira Ceti.
\n1898, November\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Orbit of a Leonid meteor photographically determined by Elkin.
\n1899\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Publication of Potsdam Photometric Durchmusterung, part ii.
\n1899\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Innes’s Reference Catalogue of Southern Double Stars.
\n1899\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Keeler’s photographs of nebul\u00e6 with the Crossley reflector and generalization of their spiral character.
\n1899, January\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Spectrum of Andromeda nebula photographed by Scheiner.
\n1899, April\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Photographic discovery of Nova Aquil\u00e6 by Mrs. Fleming.
\n1899, Aug. 26\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Installation of 31-inch photographic refractor at Potsdam.
\n1899\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Campbell’s detection of Polaris as spectroscopically triple.
\n1899, October\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Duplicate discovery by Campbell and Newall of Capella as a spectroscopic binary.
\n1899, Nov. 15\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Failure of the Leonids. Deflection of the stream predicted by Johnstone Stoney and Downing.
\n1899, December\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Publication of Sir William and Lady Huggins’s Atlas of Representative Stellar Spectra.
\n1899\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Thirty-two-inch photographic refractor mounted at Meudon.
\n1899\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Issue of first volume of Potsdam measures of international catalogue plates.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

1900, Jan. 27\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kapteyn’s determination of the apex of solar motion.
\n1900\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Chase’s measures for parallax of swiftly-moving stars.
\n1900\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Publication of Gill’s Researches on Stellar Parallax.
\n1900\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kapteyn proposes a method for a stellar parallax Durchmusterung, and gives specimen results for 248 stars.
\n1900\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Burnham’s general catalogue of 1,290 double stars.
\n1900\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Publication of the concluding volume of the Cape Photographic Durchmusterung.
\n1900, May 28\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Spanish-American total eclipse of the sun.
\n1900, July\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 International Conference at Paris. Co-operation arranged of fifty-eight observatories in measures of Eros for solar parallax.
\n1900\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Horizontal refractor, of 50 inches aperture, 197 feet focus, installed in Paris Exhibition.[Pg 461]
\n1900, Aug. 12\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Death of Professor Keeler. Succeeded by Campbell in direction of Lick Observatory.
\n1900, November\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Opposition of Eros.
\n1900\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Publication of Roberts’s Celestial Photographs, vol. ii.
\n1900\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Complete publication of Langley’s researches on infra-red spectrum.
\n1900\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Printing begun of Paris section of International Photographic Catalogue.
\n1901, Feb. 22\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nova Persei discovered by Anderson.
\n1901, February\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Variability of Eros announced by Oppolzer.
\n1901, April 23\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Apparition of a great comet at the Cape.
\n1901\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Publication of Pickering’s Photometric Durchmusterung.
\n1901\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Miss Cannon’s discussion of the spectra of 1,122 Southern stars.
\n1901\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kapteyn’s investigation of mean stellar parallax.
\n1901\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Campbell’s determination of the sun’s velocity.
\n1901\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Porter’s research on the solar motion in space.
\n1901\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bigelow’s magnetic theory of the solar corona.
\n1901\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hussey’s measurements of the Pulkowa double stars.
\n1901\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Radial velocities of the components of \u03b4 Equulei measured at Lick.
\n1901, April 16\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Death of Henry A. Rowland.
\n1901, June\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nebular spectrum derived from Nova Persei.
\n1901, Aug. 23\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nebula near Nova Persei photographed by Max Wolf.
\n1901, Sept. 20\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The same exhibited in spiral form on a plate taken by Ritchey at the Yerkes Observatory.
\n1901, Nov. 8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Photograph taken by Perrine with the Crossley reflector showed nebula in course of rapid change.
\n1901, Sept. 19\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Unveiling of the McClean “Victoria” telescope at the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope.
\n1901\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sun-spot minimum.<\/p>\n

PS.
\n<\/span><\/h3>\n

Sk\u00e4ll inte f\u00f6r mycket p\u00e5 mig (= W-bloggred) f\u00f6r redigeringen av ovanst\u00e5ende text, Jag vet att den \u00e4r om\u00f6jlig! D\u00e4remot \u00e4r inneh\u00e5llet viktigt.
\n<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Miss Clerkes “Baedeker” till 1800-talets astronomi: Allt detta h\u00e4nde! H\u00e4r \u00e4r n\u00e5got f\u00f6r alla kalenderbitare i v\u00e5r vetenskap! Eftersom 10 februari var legenden Agnes Mary Clerkes f\u00f6delsedag – hon f\u00f6ddes denna dag 1842 – t\u00e4nkte jag vi f\u00f6r en g\u00e5ngs skull att vi \u00a0 skulle \u00e4gna oss \u00e5t hennes i alla avseende betydande bok\u00a0 A… L\u00e4s mer »Nr 42 2012<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":[],"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27203"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27203"}],"version-history":[{"count":72,"href":"https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27203\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27803,"href":"https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27203\/revisions\/27803"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27203"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27203"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27203"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}