{"id":43340,"date":"2013-07-15T21:04:52","date_gmt":"2013-07-15T20:04:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/?p=43340"},"modified":"2013-07-16T17:32:28","modified_gmt":"2013-07-16T16:32:28","slug":"nr-82-2013-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/2013\/07\/15\/nr-82-2013-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Nr 82 2013"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Gemini South rustar upp<\/h2>\n<p>Gemini South-observatoriet i Chile har radikalt uppgraderats<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Teleskopet med hj&auml;lpinstrumentering <\/span>ger oss nu helt sensationella och skarpa bilder &ouml;ver st&ouml;rre&nbsp; omr&aring;den av s&ouml;dra himlavalvet &auml;n tidigare. Det handlar f&ouml;rst&aring;s om en utveckling av den&nbsp; adaptiva optiken, vilken nu i en ny och ytterligare avancerad version kallad &quot;multi-conjugate adaptive optics&quot;&nbsp; (GeMS) avlockar stj&auml;rnhimlen dess hemligheter. Jag ska verkligen inte p&aring;st&aring; att jag begriper mig p&aring; tekniken, men resultatet &auml;r i alla h&auml;ndelser att 8-metersspegeln f&aring;r nu in 10-20 ggr st&ouml;rre omr&aring;den &auml;n f&ouml;rr med ultraskarpa &aring;tergivningar.<\/p>\n<p>Genom att bruka fem laserguidade stj&auml;rnor och ett antal datastyrda deformerade speglar, lurar systemet jordatmosf&auml;rens blurr och kan se himlakropparna extremt noga. De nu publicerade resultaten talar f&ouml;r sig sj&auml;lva! G&aring; in p&aring; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gemini.edu\/node\/12020\">Geimini-sajten och nju<\/a>t.<\/p>\n<p>S&aring; h&auml;r l&ouml;ses t ex Orionnebulosan upp bit f&ouml;r bit:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/fig1-1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-43387\" height=\"482\" src=\"https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/fig1-1.jpg\" title=\"Bildk\u00e4llor: HST\/Gemini\/AURA\" width=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/fig1-1.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/fig1-1-300x289.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Ytterligare praktfulla exempel:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/fig1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-43351\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/fig1.jpg\" title=\"Systemet kallat  Gemini Multi-conjugate adaptive optics (GeMS) System \u00e4r nu ig\u00e5ng. Bildk\u00e4lla: Eve Furchgott, Blue Heron Multimedia. \" width=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/fig1.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/fig1-234x300.jpg 234w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Den planetariska nebulosan NGC 2346 ser numera ut s&aring; h&auml;r:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/fig6.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-43353\" height=\"489\" src=\"https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/fig6.jpg\" title=\"Bildkl\u00e4lla: Gemini Observatory\/AURA\" width=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/fig6.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/fig6-300x293.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Ytterligare ett exempel &auml;r denna bild av NGC 4038, en av komponenterna i Antenngalaxerna (NGC 4038\/NGC 4039). Bakgrundsbilden till v&auml;nster med GeMS-bilden lagd &ouml;ver kommer fr&aring;n HST, Hubble Space Telescope.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/fig2.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-43355\" height=\"251\" src=\"https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/fig2.jpg\" title=\"Bldk\u00e4lla: Gmini Observatory\/AURA\" width=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/fig2.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/fig2-300x150.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Solsystemets svans<\/h2>\n<p>Liksom andra stj&auml;rnor som rusar runt Vintergatan, har &auml;ven solen en &quot;svans&quot; av neutrala och joniserade partiklar efter sig. NASA:s sond Interstellar Boundary Explorer (aka&nbsp; IBEX) h&aring;ller koll p&aring; svansens utseende och best&aring;ndsdelar ute i det omr&aring;de som klassificeras som heliosf&auml;ren.<\/p>\n<p>En bra sammanfattning av<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ibex.swri.edu\/\"> forskningsl&auml;get kom 10 juli p&aring; IBEX egen gemsida<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Lundmark och universums expansion<\/h2>\n<p>Diskussionen och &quot;t&auml;nket&quot; forts&auml;tter: Vem gjorde vad och n&auml;r &#8211; och var kom <strong>Knut Lundmark<\/strong> in?<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/Trimble_Virginia_1337.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"181\" height=\"270\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-43376\" src=\"https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/Trimble_Virginia_1337.jpg\" style=\"width: 98px; height: 146px;\" title=\"Prof Trimble med akademisk grannl\u00e5t.\" \/><\/a><strong>\u261b Tack&nbsp; till Robert Cumming,<\/strong> som tipsar om <a href=\"http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1307.2289\">en artikel av f&auml;rgstarka University of California Irvine-astronomen <strong>Virgina Trimble<\/strong>, <\/a>som &auml;ven hon synat fr&aring;gan om vem som egentligen &quot;kom p&aring;&quot; universums expansion allra f&ouml;rst. Att Knut Lundmark var med i sammanhanget st&aring;r utom allt tvivel men Trimble har funnit fler kandidater eller &quot;unsung heroes&quot; som de heter i hennes vokabul&auml;r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u261b Trimble-rapporten, som var<\/strong> t&auml;nkt som ett after dinner-f&ouml;redrag p&aring; ett symposium i fjor, har en del konstigheter (bl a om <strong>Gustav Str&ouml;mbergs <\/strong>och hans frus fruktan f&ouml;r Lundmark!?!) samtidigt som hon onekligen granskat, vad jag f&ouml;rst&aring;r, allt som g&aring;r att granska i expansion-teorins f&ouml;rhistoria och listar&nbsp; med b&ouml;rjan 1907 en rad vetenskapliga rapporter som s&aring; sm&aring;ningom ledde fram till genombrottet p&aring; 20-talet.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u261b Jag gillar hennes humoristiska<\/strong> attack, som det st&aring;r i abstractet: &quot;att Hubbles lag uppt&auml;cktes av Lundmark i enlighet med Stiglers lag&quot;.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u261b Stiglers lag <\/strong>&#8211; uppkallad efer statistikern <strong>Stephen Stigler <\/strong>&#8211; s&auml;ger att ingen vetenskaplig uppt&auml;ckt namnas efter dess ursprunglige uppt&auml;ckare, &quot;no scientific discovery is named after its original discoverer&quot;.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u261b Det handlar om spiralnebulsors skenbara<\/strong> magnituder, deras storlekar p&aring; himlavalvet, r&ouml;df&ouml;rskjutningar, solens r&ouml;relse, <strong>Willem de Sitters<\/strong> viktiga bidrag, <strong>Carl Wilhelm Wirtz <\/strong>iakttagelse 1918 att nebulosornas positiva radialhastigheter betyder att systemet expanderar, de viktiga bidragen av <strong> Harlow &amp; Martha Betz Shapley, Knut Lundmark, Ernst &Ouml;pik, Gustav Str&ouml;mberg, George Lemaitre<\/strong> f&ouml;rst&aring;s. Innan Hubble kom med sitt avsl&ouml;jande 1929 kom <strong>Howard Percy Robertson<\/strong> &aring;ret innan med &quot;a very similar to Lema&icirc;tre, predicting a linear velocity-distance relation (independently); the line element retains his name as the Robertson- Walker metri&quot;.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/m31caltech.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-43377\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/m31caltech-230x300.jpg\" title=\"M31 - den sj\u00e4lvklara utg\u00e5ngspunkten. Bildk\u00e4lla: Caltech\" width=\"230\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/m31caltech-230x300.jpg 230w, https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/m31caltech.jpg 311w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&Auml;mnet l&aring;g i luften. Chanstagningarna likas&aring;.<br \/>\n\t&nbsp;Citat:<br \/>\n\t&nbsp;<u> &quot;Lundmark 1924 plotted velocity vs. distance (in Andromeda units); got some kind of relation, but&nbsp; not a very definite one.&nbsp; The plot implies a recession velocity of 15-30 km\/sec per Andromeda distance,&nbsp; or 75-150 km\/sec\/Mpc with M31 at 220 kpc, a very strong pro-Lundmark point notes Steer (2011, 2012, <br \/>\n\t2013). <\/u><\/p>\n<p><u>But Lundmark&#39;s own Andromeda distance was 36 kpc, so his &quot;H&quot; = 550 km\/sec\/Mpc or&nbsp; thereabouts.&nbsp; He also attempted to add a quadratic term, so that K = + 512 + 10.365r &#8211; 0.047 r<sup>2<\/sup>, where r is <br \/>\n\tdistance in Andromeda units. That distance, he said is 30 times the diameter of the Milky Way, from his&nbsp; own work and that of Charlier.&nbsp; Then, ignoring the r<sup>2<\/sup> term, some H = dK\/dr, and if the diameter of the&nbsp; Milky Way is 6 kpc (Kapteyn&rsquo;s number), H = 57.6 km\/sec\/Mpc. &quot;<\/u><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/lundmark.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-43378\" height=\"136\" src=\"https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/lundmark.jpg\" title=\"Knut Lundmark - inte bortgl\u00f6md.\" width=\"120\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Sista ordet kommer nog aldrig att s&auml;gas, det &auml;r mycket &aring; ena sidan och &aring; andra sidan, men jag tycker det &auml;r p&aring;fallande att Knut Lundmark finns med bland de betydande bidragsgivarna.<\/p>\n<h2>Amat&ouml;rer m&auml;ter p&aring; exoplanet med spektrograf<\/h2>\n<p>V&aring;r ASTB-vice <strong>Anders Nyholm<\/strong> ber&auml;ttar fr&aring;n Ven, d&auml;r han jobbar som <strong>Tycho Brahe<\/strong>-guide men iband tar sig tid att kolla Nytt &amp; Krytt inom astronomin , att nu har &auml;ven amat&ouml;rerna gett sig in p&aring; spektralanalyser av exoplaneter. F&ouml;rst p&aring; plan var franska amat&ouml;rer som 2009 observerade Tau Bo&ouml;tis<font color=\"black\" face=\"Tahoma\"> (HD120136, Mv=3.18, spektralklass F7V ) och dess heta Jupiter-planet Tau Bo&ouml;tis b. Planetens massa &auml;r 4 ggr Jupiters och dess omloppstid 3,3 jorddygn.<br \/>\n\t<\/font><\/p>\n<p><font color=\"black\" face=\"Tahoma\">Sp&auml;nnande <a href=\"http:\/\/www.astrosurf.com\/buil\/tauboo\/exoplanet.htm\">fakta och bilder p&aring; denna hemsida plus teknisk info om instrumenten. <\/a><\/font><\/p>\n<h2>EM i fotboll<\/h2>\n<p>P&aring; jorden spelas EM i damfotboll, och&nbsp; <strong>Lars Olefeldt<\/strong> skickade p&aring;passligt &ouml;ver denna bild p&aring; aktuell genusstatistik &ouml;ver de svenska landslagens insatser:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/medalj.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-43342\" height=\"403\" src=\"https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/medalj.jpg\" title=\"\" width=\"301\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/medalj.jpg 301w, https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/medalj-224x300.jpg 224w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 301px) 100vw, 301px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gemini South rustar upp Gemini South-observatoriet i Chile har radikalt uppgraderats. Teleskopet med hj&auml;lpinstrumentering ger oss nu helt sensationella och skarpa bilder &ouml;ver st&ouml;rre&nbsp; omr&aring;den av s&ouml;dra himlavalvet &auml;n tidigare. Det handlar f&ouml;rst&aring;s om en utveckling av den&nbsp; adaptiva optiken, vilken nu i en ny och ytterligare avancerad version kallad &quot;multi-conjugate adaptive optics&quot;&nbsp; (GeMS) avlockar&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/2013\/07\/15\/nr-82-2013-2\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">L\u00e4s mer &raquo;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Nr 82 2013<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":[],"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43340"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=43340"}],"version-history":[{"count":42,"href":"https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43340\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":43430,"href":"https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43340\/revisions\/43430"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=43340"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=43340"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.astb.se\/cassiopeiabloggen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=43340"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}